lEo tolstoy wAs A russiAn writEr AnD morAl philosophEr, AnD onE oF thE worlD’s grEAtEst novElists. hE wAs Born onApril 30,1828 AnD DiED on FEB、14, 1910. his writings {{u}} (1) {{/u}} inFluEnCED muCh oF 20th-CEntury litErAturE, AnD his morAl {{u}} (2) {{/u}} hElpED shApE thE thinking oF sEvErAl importAnt {{u}} (3) {{/u}} AnD politiCAl lEADErs. lEo nikolAyEviCh tolstoy wAs Born {{u}} (4) {{/u}} A FAmily oF noBlE lAnDownErs At his FAmily {{u}} (5) {{/u}} south oF mosCow. his EArly EDuCAtion CAmE From tutors At homE, But AFtEr thE DEAths oF his pArEnts in thE 1830s, hE wAs {{u}} (6) {{/u}} By rElAtivEs. hE EntErED kAzAn’ univErsity whEn hE wAs 16 But prEFErrED to EDuCAtE himsElF inDEpEnDEntly, AnD in 1847 hE {{u}} (7) {{/u}} his stuDiEs without Finishing his DEgrEE. his nExt 15 yEArs wErE vEry {{u}} (8) {{/u}}. tolstoy rEturnED to mAnAgE thE FAmily EstAtE, with thE DEtErminAtion to improvE himsElF {{u}} (9) {{/u}} AnD physiCAlly.AltEr lEss thAn two yEArs, howEvEr, hE ABAnDonED rurAl liFE {{u}} (10) {{/u}} thE plEAsurEs oF mosCow. in 1851 tolstoy trAvElED to thECAuCAsus, A rEgion thEn pArt oF southErn russiA, {{u}} (11) {{/u}} his BrothEr wAs sErving in thE Army. hE wAs {{u}} (12) {{/u}} As A voluntEEr, sErving with DistinCtion in thECrimEAn wAr From 1853 to 1856. tolstoy BEgAn his litErAry CArEEr During his Army sErviCE, AnD his First work, thE sEmiAutoBiogrAphiCAl short novElChilDhooD {{u}} (13) {{/u}} wAs puBlishED in 1852, Brought him FAmE.A、sEriEs oF othEr storiEs {{u}} (14) {{/u}} , AnD whEn hE lEFt thE Army in 1856 hE wAs ACknowlEDgED As A rising nEw tAlEnt in litErAturE. tolstoy AChiEvED grEAt litErAry FAmE During his liFEtimE, Both in russiA AnD ABroAD、thirty-onE trAnslAtions oF his works {{u}} (15) {{/u}} in thE yEAr 1887 AlonE. thE most signiFiCAnt pArt oF tolstoy’s lEgACy mAy BE his DEFEnsE oF thE inDiviDuAl pErsonAlity.

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